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  1. The analysis of twin data presents a unique challenge. Second-born twins on average weigh less than first-born twins and have an elevated risk of perinatal mortality. It is not clear whether the risk differenc...

    Authors: Muhammad Abu Shadeque Mullah, James A. Hanley and Andrea Benedetti

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:209

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Central cancer registries are often used to survey population-based samples of cancer survivors. These surveys are typically administered via paper or telephone. In most populations, web surveys obtain much lo...

    Authors: Morgan M. Millar, Joanne W. Elena, Lisa Gallicchio, Sandra L. Edwards, Marjorie E. Carter, Kimberly A. Herget and Carol Sweeney

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:208

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Recently, there has been a heightened interest in developing and evaluating different methods for analysing observational data. This has been driven by the increased availability of large data resources such a...

    Authors: E. R. John, K. R. Abrams, C. E. Brightling and N. A. Sheehan

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:207

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Clinical quality registries and other systems that conduct routine post-discharge surveillance of patient outcomes following surgery may have difficulty surveying patients who have limited proficiency in the l...

    Authors: Daniel Xue, Timothy Churches, Elizabeth Armstrong, Rajat Mittal, Justine Maree Naylor and Ian Andrew Harris

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:206

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Increasing rates of long-term sickness absence are a worldwide problem. Belgium is the first country in Europe that aims to screen its entire population of sick leavers (sick leave > 6 weeks) for the risk of l...

    Authors: Kaat Goorts, Charlotte Vanovenberghe, Charlotte Lambreghts, Eline Bruneel, Dorina Rusu, Marc Du Bois, Sofie Vandenbroeck and Lode Godderis

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:205

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:224

  6. Clinical study reports (CSRs) have been increasingly utilised within academic research in recent years. European Medicines Agency (EMA) Policy 0070 ‘Phase 1,’ which came into effect in January 2015, requires t...

    Authors: Jean-Marc Ferran and Sarah J. Nevitt

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:204

    Content type: Research article

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  7. A standard or consensus definition of a systematic review does not exist. Therefore, if there is no definition about a systematic review in secondary studies that analyse them or the definition is too broad, i...

    Authors: Marina Krnic Martinic, Dawid Pieper, Angelina Glatt and Livia Puljak

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:203

    Content type: Research article

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  8. It is unclear whether weighted or unweighted regression is preferred in the analysis of data derived from respondent driven sampling. Our objective was to evaluate the validity of various regression models, wi...

    Authors: Lisa Avery, Nooshin Rotondi, Constance McKnight, Michelle Firestone, Janet Smylie and Michael Rotondi

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:202

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Longitudinal research has demonstrated that experiences of abuse and adversity are not consistently reported over time; however, there is a paucity of available evidence regarding the consistency of reporting ...

    Authors: Deborah Loxton, Jennifer Powers, Natalie Townsend, Melissa L. Harris and Peta Forder

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:201

    Content type: Research article

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  10. New emerging diseases are public health concerns in which policy makers have to make decisions in the presence of enormous uncertainty. This is an important challenge in terms of emergency preparation requirin...

    Authors: Chawarat Rotejanaprasert, Andrew B. Lawson and Sopon Iamsirithaworn

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:200

    Content type: Research article

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  11. The incorporation of repeated measurements into multivariable prediction research may greatly enhance predictive performance. However, the methodological possibilities vary widely and a structured overview of ...

    Authors: Joost D. J. Plate, Rutger R. van de Leur, Luke P. H. Leenen, Falco Hietbrink, Linda M. Peelen and M. J. C. Eijkemans

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:199

    Content type: Research article

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  12. When investigating subgroup effects in meta-analysis, it is unclear whether accounting in meta-regression for between-trial variation in treatment effects, but not between-trial variation in treatment interact...

    Authors: Bruno R. da Costa and Alex J. Sutton

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:198

    Content type: Research article

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  13. In the early years of life, the benefits of parental engagement in children’s learning are well documented. Early childhood educators are a potentially effective source of support, having opportunity to engage...

    Authors: Zvezdana Petrovic, Olivia Clayton, Jan Matthews, Catherine Wade, Lina Tan, Denny Meyer, Antony Gates, Alex Almendingen and Warren Cann

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:197

    Content type: Study protocol

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  14. Several reviews have noted shortcomings regarding the quality and reporting of network meta-analyses (NMAs). We suspect that this issue may be partially attributable to limitations in current NMA software whic...

    Authors: Audrey Béliveau, Devon J. Boyne, Justin Slater, Darren Brenner and Paul Arora

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:196

    Content type: Software

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  15. Recruitment to health research remains a major challenge. Innovation is required to meet policy commitments to help patients take part in health research. One innovation that may help meet those policy goals i...

    Authors: Katherine Grady, Martin Gibson and Peter Bower

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:195

    Content type: Debate

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  16. Validation studies on an ICD-10-based algorithm to identify major bleeding events are scarce, and mostly focused on positive predictive values.

    Authors: Emmanuel Oger, Marie-Anne Botrel, Catherine Juchault and Jacques Bouget

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:194

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The importance of adjusting for cross-study heterogeneity in control group response rates when conducting network meta-analyses (NMA) was demonstrated using a case study involving a comparison of biologics for...

    Authors: Chris Cameron, Abhishek Varu, Arthur Lau, Mahdi Gharaibeh, Marcelo Paulino and Raina Rogoza

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:193

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Locally produced generic drugs offer a cost–effective alternative to imported drugs to treat patients in Ethiopia. However, due to a lack of bioequivalence testing, additional assurance tests are needed to bui...

    Authors: Chalachew Alemayehu, Geoff Mitchell, Jane Nikles, Abraham Aseffa and Alexandra Clavarino

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:192

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Online clinical risk prediction tools built on data from multiple cohorts are increasingly being utilized for contemporary doctor-patient decision-making and validation. This report outlines a comprehensive da...

    Authors: Johanna Tolksdorf, Michael W. Kattan, Stephen A. Boorjian, Stephen J. Freedland, Karim Saba, Cedric Poyet, Lourdes Guerrios, Amanda De Hoedt, Michael A. Liss, Robin J. Leach, Javier Hernandez, Emily Vertosick, Andrew J. Vickers and Donna P. Ankerst

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:191

    Content type: Research article

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  20. In the original publication of this article [1], the author noted two corrections after publication.

    Authors: Maria Pufulete, Jessica Harris, Stephen Dorman, Lynn Cook, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, John P. Greenwood, Richard Anderson, Rachel Brierley and Barnaby C. Reeves

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:190

    Content type: Correction

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    The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:116

  21. Several literature reviews have been published focusing on the prevalence and/or preventability of hospital readmissions. To our knowledge, none focused on the different causes which have been used to evaluate...

    Authors: R. G. Singotani, F. Karapinar, C. Brouwers, C. Wagner and M. C. de Bruijne

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:189

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:214

  22. The Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ) assesses the risk of opioid abuse in people with non-oncological chronic pain.

    Authors: Sheila Raposo Galindo, Manoel Henrique da Nóbrega Marinho, Robert J. Gatchel, Tatiana de Paula Santana da Silva, Eduardo Henrique Soares Viana, Selene Cordeiro Vasconcelos and Murilo Duarte da Costa Lima

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:188

    Content type: Research article

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  23. When conducing Phase-III trial, regulatory agencies and investigators might want to get reliable information about rare but serious safety outcomes during the trial. Bayesian non-inferiority approaches have be...

    Authors: Camille Aupiais, Corinne Alberti, Thomas Schmitz, Olivier Baud, Moreno Ursino and Sarah Zohar

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:187

    Content type: Research Article

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  24. Population attributable fractions (PAF) measure the proportion of disease prevalence that would be avoided in a hypothetical population, similar to the population of interest, but where a particular risk facto...

    Authors: John Ferguson, Neil O’Leary, Fabrizio Maturo, Salim Yusuf and Martin O’Donnell

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:186

    Content type: Research article

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  25. An overarching objective in research comparing different sample groups is to ensure that the reported differences in outcomes are not affected by differences between groups in the functioning of the measuremen...

    Authors: Curt Hagquist

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:185

    Content type: Research article

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  26. This article describes a bibliometric review of the scientific production, geographical distribution, collaboration, impact, and subject area focus of pneumonia research indexed on the Web of Science over a 15...

    Authors: José M. Ramos-Rincón, Héctor Pinargote-Celorio, Isabel Belinchón-Romero and Gregorio González-Alcaide

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:184

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) is considered the gold standard for investigating subgroup effects. Frequently used regression-based approaches to detect subgroups in IPD-MA are: meta-regres...

    Authors: Michail Belias, Maroeska M. Rovers, Johannes B. Reitsma, Thomas P. A. Debray and Joanna IntHout

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:183

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Long-term clinical outcomes are necessary to assess the cost-effectiveness of new treatments over a lifetime horizon. Without long-term clinical trial data, current practice to extrapolate survival beyond the ...

    Authors: Shannon Cope, Dieter Ayers, Jie Zhang, Katharine Batt and Jeroen P. Jansen

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:182

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Loneliness and social isolation are major determinants of mental wellbeing, especially among older adults. The effectiveness of interventions to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults has b...

    Authors: Janet Ige, Lynn Gibbons, Issy Bray and Selena Gray

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:181

    Content type: Research article

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  30. The use of systematic review methods are widely recognized to be essential in the development of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines to prove their trustworthiness. The objective of this study was ...

    Authors: Chiara Trevisiol, Michela Cinquini, Aline S. C. Fabricio, Massimo Gion and Anne W. S. Rutjes

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:180

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Health services have not provided adequate support for young people with long term health conditions to transfer from child to adult services. National Institute of Health and Care (NICE) guidance on transitio...

    Authors: Helen Eke, Astrid Janssens, Johnny Downs, Richard M. Lynn, Cornelius Ani and Tamsin Ford

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:179

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Current methods for assessing strength of evidence prioritize the contributions of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The objective of this study was to characterize strength of evidence (SOE) tools in recen...

    Authors: D. L. Katz, M. C. Karlsen, M. Chung, M. M. Shams-White, L. W. Green, J. Fielding, A. Saito and W. Willett

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:178

    Content type: Research article

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  33. The use of real-world data to generate evidence requires careful assessment and validation of critical variables before drawing clinical conclusions. Prospective clinical trial data suggest that anatomic origi...

    Authors: Patricia Luhn, Deborah Kuk, Gillis Carrigan, Nathan Nussbaum, Rachael Sorg, Rebecca Rohrer, Melisa G. Tucker, Brandon Arnieri, Michael D. Taylor and Neal J. Meropol

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:177

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of inherited conditions characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. The rarity and heterogeneity of the population with MD have hindered therapeutic de...

    Authors: Xiaoxue Chen, Abiy Agiro, Ann S. Martin, Ann M. Lucas and Kevin Haynes

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:174

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Research reporting guidelines are increasingly commonplace and shown to improve the quality of published health research and health outcomes. Despite severe health inequities among Indigenous Peoples and the p...

    Authors: Tania Huria, Suetonia C. Palmer, Suzanne Pitama, Lutz Beckert, Cameron Lacey, Shaun Ewen and Linda Tuhiwai Smith

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:173

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Hospitals are common recruitment sites for injury and disability studies. However, the clinical and rehabilitation environment can create unique challenges for researchers to recruit participant populations. W...

    Authors: Michelle S. Fitts, Taeha Condon, John Gilroy, Katrina Bird, Erica Bleakley, Lauren Matheson, Jennifer Fleming, Alan R. Clough, Adrian Esterman, Paul Maruff and India Bohanna

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:172

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Participants in voluntary research present a different demographic profile than those who choose not to participate, affecting the generalizability of many studies. Efforts to evaluate these differences have f...

    Authors: Simone Dahrouge, Catherine Deri Armstrong, William Hogg, Jatinderpreet Singh and Clare Liddy

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:171

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in included studies is one of the key methodological aspects of systematic reviews. Cochrane systematic reviews appraise RoB of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with the Coc...

    Authors: Ognjen Barcot, Matija Boric, Tina Poklepovic Pericic, Marija Cavar, Svjetlana Dosenovic, Ivana Vuka and Livia Puljak

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:170

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Longitudinal qualitative research is starting to be used in applied health research, having been popular in social research for several decades. There is potential for a large volume of complex data to be capt...

    Authors: Laura Sheard and Claire Marsh

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:169

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Today we are often interested in the predictive value of a continuous marker with respect to the expected difference in outcome between a new treatment and a standard treatment. We can investigate this in a ra...

    Authors: Maren Eckert and Werner Vach

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:168

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) are gaining more and more importance in the context of clinical trials. The assessment of PRO is frequently performed by questionnaires where the multiple items of a questionnai...

    Authors: Manuel Feißt, André Hennigs, Jörg Heil, Helfried Moosbrugger, Augustin Kelava, Ilona Stolpner, Meinhard Kieser and Geraldine Rauch

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:167

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Analysis of competing risks is commonly achieved through a cause specific or a subdistribution framework using Cox or Fine & Gray models, respectively. The estimation of treatment effects in observational data...

    Authors: Michael Andrew Barrowman, Niels Peek, Mark Lambie, Glen Philip Martin and Matthew Sperrin

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:166

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Although criticisms regarding the dichotomisation of continuous variables are well known, applying logit model to dichotomised outcomes is the convention because the odds ratios are easily obtained and they ap...

    Authors: Ying Chen, Yilin Ning, Shih Ling Kao, Nathalie C. Støer, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, Kavita Venkataraman, Eric Yin Hao Khoo, E-Shyong Tai and Chuen Seng Tan

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:165

    Content type: Research article

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  46. The quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MAs) depends on the extent of the methods used. We investigated the methodological steps used by authors of SR/MAs of clinical trials via an author survey.

    Authors: Hoang Thi Nam Giang, Ali Mahmoud Ahmed, Reem Yousry Fala, Mohamed Magdy Khattab, Mona Hassan Ahmed Othman, Sara Attia Mahmoud Abdelrahman, Le Phuong Thao, Ahmed Elsaid Abd Elsamie Gabl, Samar Ahmed Elrashedy, Peter N. Lee, Kenji Hirayama, Hosni Salem and Nguyen Tien Huy

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:164

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Many prodromal Alzheimer’s disease trials collect two types of data: the time until clinical diagnosis of dementia and longitudinal patient information. These data are often analysed separately, although they ...

    Authors: Floor M. van Oudenhoven, Sophie H.N. Swinkels, Tobias Hartmann, Hilkka Soininen, Anneke M.J. van Hees and Dimitris Rizopoulos

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:163

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Omics data can be very informative in survival analysis and may improve the prognostic ability of classical models based on clinical risk factors for various diseases, for example breast cancer. Recent researc...

    Authors: Alexander Volkmann, Riccardo De Bin, Willi Sauerbrei and Anne-Laure Boulesteix

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:162

    Content type: Research article

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  49. In many clinical trials continuous outcomes are dichotomized to compare proportions of patients who respond. A common and recommended approach to handling missing data in responder analysis is to impute as non...

    Authors: Lysbeth Floden and Melanie L. Bell

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:161

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Statistics are frequently used in health advocacy to attract attention, but are often misinterpreted. The Figure Interpretation Assessment Tool–Health (FIAT-Health) 1.0 was developed to support systematic asse...

    Authors: Reinie G. Gerrits, Niek S. Klazinga, Michael J. van den Berg and Dionne S. Kringos

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2019 19:160

    Content type: Research article

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