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  1. Observational longitudinal data often feature irregular, informative visit times. We propose descriptive measures to quantify the extent of irregularity to select an appropriate analytic outcome approach.

    Authors: Armend Lokku, Lily S. Lim, Catherine S. Birken and Eleanor M. Pullenayegum

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:135

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Too often, studies of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in preventive, community, and health care are not sufficiently useful to end users (typically practitioners, patients, policymakers, or other researche...

    Authors: Henna Hasson, Laura Leviton and Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:133

    Content type: Debate

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  3. Propensity scores are widely used to deal with confounding bias in medical research. An incorrectly specified propensity score model may lead to residual confounding bias; therefore it is essential to use diag...

    Authors: Emily Granger, Tim Watkins, Jamie C. Sergeant and Mark Lunt

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:132

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Cross-cultural research with patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) assumes that the PROM in the target language will measure the same construct in the same way as the PROM in the source language. Yet tran...

    Authors: Melanie Hawkins, Christina Cheng, Gerald R. Elsworth and Richard H. Osborne

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:130

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Evidence-based health care is informed by results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and their syntheses in meta-analyses. When the trial outcomes measured are not clearly described in trial publications, kn...

    Authors: Andrea Monsour, Emma J. Mew, Sagar Patel, Alyssandra Chee-a-tow, Leena Saeed, Lucia Santos, Darren B. Courtney, Priya N. Watson, Suneeta Monga, Peter Szatmari, Martin Offringa and Nancy J. Butcher

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:129

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Elderly population’s health is a major concern for most industrial nations. National health surveys provide a measure of the state of elderly health. One such survey is the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevi...

    Authors: Elsa Vazquez-Arreola, Dan Xue and Jeffrey R. Wilson

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:128

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Recent changes in communication technologies, including increased reliance on mobile phones and the internet, may present challenges and/or opportunities to re-engaging inactive study cohorts. We evaluate our ...

    Authors: Gareth Lingham, David A. Mackey, Nicola Seed, Lisa Ryan, Elizabeth Milne, Robyn M. Lucas, Maria Franchina, Samantha Sze-Yee Lee and Seyhan Yazar

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:127

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Effective health care requires services that are responsive to local needs and contexts. Achieving this in indigenous settings implies communication between traditional and conventional medicine perspectives. ...

    Authors: Ivan Sarmiento, Sergio Paredes-Solís, David Loutfi, Anna Dion, Anne Cockcroft and Neil Andersson

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:125

    Content type: Research article

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  11. As technology is advancing, so are the possibilities for new data collection methods in research, potentially improving data quality and validity of the results. In Sweden, a system using frequent repeated dat...

    Authors: I. Axén, I. Jensen, E. Butler Forslund, B. Grahn, V. Jørgensen, C. H. Opava and L. Bodin

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:124

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Patient participation in cancer clinical trials is suboptimal. A challenge to capturing physicians’ insights about trials has been low response to surveys. We conducted a study using varying combinations of ma...

    Authors: Caitlin C. Murphy, Simon J. Craddock Lee, Ann M. Geiger, John V. Cox, Chul Ahn, Rasmi Nair, David E. Gerber, Ethan A. Halm, Katharine McCallister and Celette Sugg Skinner

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:123

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Peer review is at the heart of the scientific process. With the advent of digitisation, journals started to offer electronic articles or publishing online only. A new philosophy regarding the peer review proce...

    Authors: Oliver Rudolf HERBER, Caroline BRADBURY-JONES, Susanna BÖLING, Sarah COMBES, Julian HIRT, Yvonne KOOP, Ragnhild NYHAGEN, Jessica D. VELDHUIZEN and Julie TAYLOR

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:122

    Content type: Research article

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  14. A crucial element in the systematic review (SR) methodology is the appraisal of included primary studies, using tools for assessment of methodological quality or risk of bias (RoB). SR authors can conduct sens...

    Authors: Marija Franka Marušić, Mahir Fidahić, Cristina Mihaela Cepeha, Loredana Gabriela Farcaș, Alexandra Tseke and Livia Puljak

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:121

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Cancer patients have to undergo a difficult medical therapy and are also confronted with various psychological, social and economic problems. Support is available from many providers, but patients often gain n...

    Authors: Nico Schneider, Anna Bäcker, Katja Brenk-Franz, Christian Keinki, Jutta Hübner, Florian Brandt, Geraldine von der Winkel, Lutz Hager, Bernhard Strauss and Uwe Altmann

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:120

    Content type: Study protocol

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  16. Efforts to improve informed consent have led to calls for providing information a reasonable person would want to have, in a way that facilitates understanding of the reasons why one might or might not want to...

    Authors: Laura M. Beskow, Catherine M. Hammack-Aviran and Kathleen M. Brelsford

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:119

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is often measured using EQ-5D-3L by the elicitation methods of visual analogue scale (VAS) and time trade-off (TTO). Although many countries have constructed both nationa...

    Authors: Xiuying Wang, Lin Zhuo, Yifei Ma, Ting Cai, Aviva Must, Ling Xu and Lang Zhuo

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:118

    Content type: Research article

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  18. A nested case-control study is an efficient design that can be embedded within an existing cohort study or randomised trial. It has a number of advantages compared to the conventional case-control design, and ...

    Authors: Christopher Partlett, Nigel J. Hall, Alison Leaf, Edmund Juszczak and Louise Linsell

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:117

    Content type: Research article

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  19. The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into one of the most impactful health crises in modern history, compelling researchers to explore innovative ways to efficiently collect public health data in a timely manner....

    Authors: Shahmir H. Ali, Joshua Foreman, Ariadna Capasso, Abbey M. Jones, Yesim Tozan and Ralph J. DiClemente

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:116

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Rapid reviews (RRs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to time-consuming systematic reviews—they can help meet the demand for accelerated evidence synthesis to inform decision-making in healthcare. The s...

    Authors: Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez, Karen R. Steingart, Andrea C. Tricco, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, David Kaunelis, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Susan Baxter, Patrick M. Bossuyt, José Ignacio Emparanza and Javier Zamora

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:115

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Enrolment in a research study requires the participant’s informed consent. In the case of minors, informed consent of the respective legal guardian is obtained in conjunction with informed assent of the undera...

    Authors: Dominik Soll, Maria Magdalena Guraiib, Nigel Campbell Rollins and Andreas Alois Reis

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:114

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Shifts in data sharing policy have increased researchers’ access to individual participant data (IPD) from clinical studies. Simultaneously the number of IPD meta-analyses (IPDMAs) is increasing. However, rate...

    Authors: Matthew Ventresca, Holger J. Schünemann, Fergus Macbeth, Mike Clarke, Lehana Thabane, Gareth Griffiths, Simon Noble, David Garcia, Maura Marcucci, Alfonso Iorio, Qi Zhou, Mark Crowther, Elie A. Akl, Gary H. Lyman, Viktoria Gloy, Marcello DiNisio…

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:113

    Content type: Research article

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  23. While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) provide high-quality evidence to guide practice, much routine care is not based upon available RCTs. This disconnect between evidence and practice is not sufficiently ...

    Authors: Ben E. Byrne, Leila Rooshenas, Helen S. Lambert and Jane M. Blazeby

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:112

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and presents a large treatment gap. Self-help internet interventions are an attractive approach to lowering thresholds for seeking help and disseminating evidence...

    Authors: Philip Lindner, Magnus Johansson, Mikael Gajecki and Anne H. Berman

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:111

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Health experts including planners and policy-makers face complex decisions in diverse and constantly changing healthcare systems. Visual analytics may play a critical role in supporting analysis of complex hea...

    Authors: Erin I. Walsh, Younjin Chung, Nicolas Cherbuin and Luis Salvador-Carulla

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:110

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Machine learning (ML) has made a significant impact in medicine and cancer research; however, its impact in these areas has been undeniably slower and more limited than in other application domains. A major re...

    Authors: Andre Goncalves, Priyadip Ray, Braden Soper, Jennifer Stevens, Linda Coyle and Ana Paula Sales

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:108

    Content type: Research Article

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  28. Most structured clinical data, such as diagnosis codes, are not sufficient to obtain precise phenotypes and assess disease burden. Text mining of clinical notes could provide a basis for detailed profiles of p...

    Authors: Freja Karuna Hemmingsen Sørup, Søren Brunak and Robert Eriksson

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:107

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Synthesis of psychometric properties of substance use measures to identify patterns of use and substance use disorders remains limited. To address this gap, we sought to systematically evaluate the psychometri...

    Authors: Glenn-Milo Santos, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Nabila El-Bassel, Poonam Patel, Divya Subramanian, Danielle Horyniak, Ryan R. Cook, Charlotte McCullagh, Phillip Marotta, Foram Choksi, Brian Kang, Isabel Allen and Steven Shoptaw

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:106

    Content type: Research article

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  30. The objective of this study was to assess the overall quality of study-level meta-analyses in high-ranking journals using commonly employed guidelines and standards for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

    Authors: Irbaz Hameed, Michelle Demetres, Derrick Y. Tam, Mohamed Rahouma, Faiza M. Khan, Drew N. Wright, Keith Mages, Antonio P. DeRosa, Becky Baltich Nelson, Kevin Pain, Diana Delgado, Leonard N. Girardi, Stephen E. Fremes and Mario Gaudino

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:105

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Sum scores of ordinal outcomes are common in randomized clinical trials. The approaches routinely employed for assessing treatment effects, such as t-tests or Wilcoxon tests, are not particularly powerful in dete...

    Authors: Muriel Buri, Armin Curt, John Steeves and Torsten Hothorn

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:104

    Content type: Research Article

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  32. Due to limited duration of follow up in clinical trials of cancer treatments, estimates of lifetime survival benefits are typically derived using statistical extrapolation methods. To justify the method used, ...

    Authors: Ash Bullement, Anna Willis, Amerah Amin, Michael Schlichting, Anthony James Hatswell and Murtuza Bharmal

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:103

    Content type: Research article

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  33. To demonstrate how the Observational Healthcare Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI) collaborative network and standardization can be utilized to scale-up external validation of patient-level prediction models...

    Authors: Jenna M. Reps, Ross D. Williams, Seng Chan You, Thomas Falconer, Evan Minty, Alison Callahan, Patrick B. Ryan, Rae Woong Park, Hong-Seok Lim and Peter Rijnbeek

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:102

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Cochrane systematic review Plain language Summaries (CSR PLSs should serve as a tool for the evidence translation to non-medical population. However, the evidence of optimal type of numerical presentation in C...

    Authors: Ivan Buljan, Ružica Tokalić, Marija Roguljić, Irena Zakarija-Grković, Davorka Vrdoljak, Petra Milić, Livia Puljak and Ana Marušić

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:101

    Content type: Research article

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  35. The co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions in the same individual is not uncommon. If disability-adjusted life year (DALY) calculations are carried out for each condition separately, multimorbidity ma...

    Authors: Scott A. McDonald, Juanita A. Haagsma, Alessandro Cassini and Brecht Devleesschauwer

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:100

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Previous studies indicate that the prevalence of hypothyroidism is much higher in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) than in the general population, and is associated with LN’s activity. Principal component an...

    Authors: Ting Huang, Jiarong Li and Weiru Zhang

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:99

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Cross-sectional and retrospective offence data are often used to classify sex offenders in epidemiological and survey research, but little empirical evidence exists regarding the practical implications of this...

    Authors: Mathew Gullotta, David Greenberg, Armita Adily, Jesse Cale and Tony G. Butler

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:97

    Content type: Research article

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  39. There is a notable lack of methodological and reporting guidance for systematic reviews of prevalence data. This information void has the potential to result in reviews that are inconsistent and inadequate to ...

    Authors: Celina Borges Migliavaca, Cinara Stein, Verônica Colpani, Timothy Hugh Barker, Zachary Munn and Maicon Falavigna

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:96

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Oral cancer is the most common cancer among Indian men, and has strong tendency of metastatic spread to neck lymph node which strongly influences prognosis especially 5 year survival-rate and also guides the r...

    Authors: Vishwajeet Singh, Sada Nand Dwivedi and S. V. S. Deo

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:95

    Content type: Research article

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  41. In clinical research, there is an increasing interest in joint modelling of longitudinal and time-to-event data, since it reduces bias in parameter estimation and increases the efficiency of statistical infere...

    Authors: Maha Alsefri, Maria Sudell, Marta García-Fiñana and Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:94

    Content type: Research article

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  42. High patient participation in clinical research reduces selection bias and ensures the generalizability of study findings. We explored study-related factors that may influence patients’ willingness to particip...

    Authors: Angèle Gayet-Ageron, Sandrine Rudaz and Thomas Perneger

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:93

    Content type: Research article

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  43. The prevalence of oral HPV infection and HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) among Indigenous Australians is unknown. This paper outlines the engagement, consultation and recruitment stra...

    Authors: Joanne Hedges, Gail Garvey, Zell Dodd, Warren Miller, Terry Dunbar, Cathy Leane, Amanda Mitchell, Isaac Hill and Lisa Jamieson

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:92

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Mobile applications for health, also known as ‘mHealth apps’, have experienced increasing popularity over the past ten years. However, most publicly available mHealth apps are not clinically validated, and man...

    Authors: Adrian B. R. Shatte and Samantha J. Teague

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:91

    Content type: Software

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  45. Visual displays such as charts and tables may significantly moderate the effects of audit and feedback interventions, but the systematic study of these intervention components will likely remain limited withou...

    Authors: Dahee Lee, Veena Panicker, Colin Gross, Jessica Zhang and Zach Landis-Lewis

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:90

    Content type: Research article

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  46. State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scale was developed in the 1980’s and has been widely used both in clinical settings and in research. However the Danish version of STAI has not been validated. The aim of ...

    Authors: L. W. Gustafson, P. Gabel, A. Hammer, H. H. Lauridsen, L. K. Petersen, B. Andersen, P. Bor and M. B. Larsen

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:89

    Content type: Research article

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  47. The replication crisis hit the medical sciences about a decade ago, but today still most of the flaws inherent in null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) have not been solved. While the drawbacks of p-values ...

    Authors: Riko Kelter

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:88

    Content type: Research Article

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  48. Occupational stress and specifically job anxiety are crucial factors in determining health outcomes, job satisfaction as well as performance. In order to assess this phenomenon, the Job Anxiety Scale is one of...

    Authors: Bjarne Schmalbach, Andreas Kalkbrenner, Markus Bassler, Andreas Hinz and Katja Petrowski

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:87

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Repeatability and reproducibility are essential for clinicians for several purposes. Although discouraged, use of the Coefficient of Variation (CV) for assessing repeatability and reproducibility, rather than ...

    Authors: Giovanna Cilluffo, Anna Maria Zicari, Giuliana Ferrante, Velia Malizia, Salvatore Fasola, Marzia Duse, Giovanna De Castro, Valentina De Vittori, Laura Schiavi, Giulia Brindisi, Paolo Petrelli and Stefania La Grutta

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:86

    Content type: Research article

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  50. A pretest probability must be selected to calculate data to help clinicians, guideline boards and policy makers interpret diagnostic accuracy parameters. When multiple analyses for the same target condition ar...

    Authors: Michiel S. Oerbekke, Kevin Jenniskens, Rob J. P. M. Scholten and Lotty Hooft

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:85

    Content type: Research article

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